ASTM D1894-14 Coefficient of Friction of Plastic Film

ASTM D1894

ASTM D1894 is a standardized test method used for determining static (μ_s ) and kinetic (μ_k ) coefficients of friction of plastic film and sheeting. Plastic film is a widely used material in the packaging industry and includes many types of food packaging (produce bags, carton liners, meat seal wrap) and non-food packaging (envelope liners, potting soil sacks). Plastic films are also key components of more complex products, such as electric vehicle batteries. In order to ensure that they perform as expected for the end user, the frictional properties of these films must be characterized and controlled. 

Separator Film Testing for Electric Vehicle Batteries

ev battery icon  

Separator films are used in EV battery production to separate the anode and cathode in lithium-ion and other liquid electrolyte batteries. These films are required in high volumes and are extremely critical to product safety. Because testing standards specific to EV batteries have not yet been established, ASTM D1894 is commonly used as a proxy standard to characterize their frictional properties. The most common material used for separator film is polyolefin, a polymer film that is strong enough to withstand the winding operation during assembly as well as uneven plating of lithium on the anode due to extensive use. Safer and stronger separator material more effectively prevents contact between the anode and cathode, while thinner material helps reduce the weight of each battery and improve energy density. Understanding the frictional properties of this polymer film can help ensure the material is being wound properly during assembly and will behave as expected under extensive use.

Materials Testing System 

When testing thin films to ASTM D1894 it is important to use a test machine with a high data capture rate. Because test events can happen quickly, a machine with a low data capture rate may miss key peaks and troughs in the data, leading to an inaccurate average strength value. Instron’s 6800 series test frames are capable of data capture up to 5 kHz to ensure that all test events are captured. For ASTM D1894 testing we recommend a 6800 series single column frame equipped with a low force (5 – 100 N) 2530 series load cell (depending on the expected frictional forces).




ASTM D1894 Test Setup
6800 Series Universal Testing System
 Bluehill Universal Software
 2530 Series Load Cell
2810-005 Coefficient of Friction Fixture

 

ASTM D1894 coefficient of friction films

HOW TO PERFORM A TEST TO ASTM D1894


This test requires the use of Instron's 2810-005 Coefficient of Friction fixture, which is specifically designed to meet the requirements of ASTM D1894 and ISO 8295. The film under test is secured on a flat surface and a sled of known weight is wrapped in the same material. The motion of the crosshead drags the sled along the film being tested and the force measured is used to determine both the static and kinetic coefficients of friction. Complete details on how to perform this test can be found by reading the full  ASTM D1894 standard.

Tips and Tricks
  • Instron’s 2530 series load cells can maintain accuracy down to 1/500th of the cell’s capacity when used on a 6800 Series universal testing system. The lowest capacity 2530 series load cell is 5 N, meaning it can maintain 1% accuracy from 0.02 N to 5 N. Forces beneath the lower limits can be measured, but Instron cannot guarantee stated accuracy.
  • Instron's Bluehill Universal testing software has advance pre-built methods available for ASTM D1894 to ensure that your test speeds and calculations are compliant.
Related Content

Catálogo de sistemas de ensayo Serie 6800 Premier

Los sistemas de ensayo universales Serie 6800 de Instron proporcionan una precisión y fiabilidad sin igual. Construida sobre una arquitectura de sistema Operator Protect pendiente de patente, con un kit Smart-Close totalmente nuevo y funciones de mitigación de colisiones, la Serie 6800 hace que los ensayos de materiales sean más sencillos, limpios y seguros que nunca.

Catálogo de Bluehill Universal

El software Bluehill Universal está diseñado desde el principio para una interacción táctil y una experiencia de usuario intuitiva. Descubre ensayos más sencillos y limpios con funciones como métodos de ensayo precargados, QuickTest en segundos, exportación de datos mejorada e Instron Connect, una nueva función que proporciona un enlace de comunicación directa con el servicio. Los usuarios de versiones anteriores del software, como Bluehill 2 y Bluehill 3, pueden actualizarse fácilmente a la última versión de Bluehill.

Dispositivo de coeficiente de fricción 2810‑005

El dispositivo de coeficiente de fricción 2810‑005 de Instron mide el coeficiente estático y cinético de la fricción de la película plástica y la lámina, según los estándares ASTM D1894 o ISO 8295.

Células de carga Serie 2580

Las células de carga Serie 2580 de Instron están diseñadas de forma específica para su uso con sistemas de ensayo Serie 5900 y 6800 y ofrecen un rendimiento excepcional con la capacidad de medir fuerzas tan bajas como 1/1000 de la capacidad de fuerza con una precisión del 0,5 % de la lectura.

Células de carga baja Serie 2530

Las células de carga baja Serie 2530 de Instron están diseñadas específicamente para su uso con cualquier sistema de ensayo de baja fuerza de Instron. Las capacidades de fuerza van de ±5 - ±100 N (0,5 - 10 kgf, 1,12 - 22,5 lbf) con un amplio rango de medición que permite calcular la fuerza hasta 1/500 de la capacidad de la célula de carga.