Instron

毛細管流變儀

毛細管流變儀是一種用於測量剪切黏度和其它流變(=流動)特性的設備。用於塑膠的毛細管流變儀是活塞-模具系統,旨在測量聚合物熔體的黏度,該黏度是溫度和變形率的函數。它們能夠測試基本聚合物、化合物、具有小增強顆粒或纖維的各種複合材料、金屬注射成型的原料以及類似材料。

基本原理是,熱塑性樣品(最初為顆粒、粉末或薄片狀)通過加熱變成流體,並被迫從圓柱體中流出,通過毛細管模具。測量量通常是在穩態條件下產生的壓力。流動曲線是典型的輸出,通過對幾個實驗數據進行插值獲得。黏度用希臘字母“eta”(η)表示,並以帕斯卡秒(Pa·s)或牛頓秒/平方米(N·s/m2)(以 SI 單位表示)。

毛細管流變儀可確保測試條件真正代表加工條件,特別是對於高壓和高速技術(如注射成型),因此它們是製程優化的關鍵。

可以從毛細管流變儀數據中測量或估算的其他流變特性包括延伸黏度、擠出物溶脹、熱穩定性、壁滑移。可以進行輔助測量,以測量熱導率、密度對壓力和溫度的依賴性 (pvT)、熔體強度。

參考文獻

  • Walters K. “流變學”,Chapman & Hall (1975)
  • Ferry, J. D. “聚合物的黏彈性”,John Wiley & Sons (1980)
  • Dealy, J.M. 和 Wissbrun K.F. “熔體流變學及其在塑膠加工中的作用”,Van Nostrand Reinhold (1990),Chapman & Hall (1995)
  • Macosko C.W. “流變學 – 原理、測量和應用”,Wiley-VCH (1994)
  • Malkin A.Y. “流變學 – 概念、方法與應用”,ChemTec Publishing (2006)
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